WEBVTT 00:00:08.777 --> 00:00:12.849 Normality 00:00:12.903 --> 00:00:17.826 What does normality mean? 00:00:17.986 --> 00:00:19.926 Normality comes from norm. 00:00:19.926 --> 00:00:22.986 A norm is a rule, a value. 00:00:22.986 --> 00:00:24.666 This can be a numerical value, 00:00:24.666 --> 00:00:26.526 a statistical norm 00:00:26.526 --> 00:00:28.546 and that tells us something about 00:00:28.546 --> 00:00:29.926 how often a characteristic 00:00:29.926 --> 00:00:31.826 a certain quality occurs. 00:00:31.826 --> 00:00:34.266 But it can also be an ideal norm 00:00:34.266 --> 00:00:35.766 and that tells us something 00:00:35.766 --> 00:00:38.926 about a desired frequency or quality. 00:00:38.926 --> 00:00:40.086 And it is very important 00:00:40.086 --> 00:00:41.526 to distinguish between the two. 00:00:41.526 --> 00:00:45.546 Because the normality of a statistical norm 00:00:45.546 --> 00:00:48.854 is a mean value, a central tendency. 00:00:48,854 - -> 00:00:51,474 And what is normally distributed in statistics 00:00:51.474 --> 00:00:52.114 is therefore that 00:00:52.114 --> 00:00:55.354 what lies around a mean value, 00:00:55.354 --> 00:00:57.334 i.e. occurs on average, 00:00:57.334 --> 00:00:59.194 one could also say usually. 00:00:59.194 --> 00:01:01.394 An example would be something like 00:01:01.394 --> 00:01:04.334 like the average household size. 00:01:04.334 --> 00:01:05.554 And deviations, 00:01:05.554 --> 00:01:07.554 which we then statistically 00:01:07.554 --> 00:01:10.714 describe as above average or below average. 00:01:10.714 --> 00:01:12.974 It is important to note, however, that even 00:01:12.974 --> 00:01:15.714 this mean value is only a reference point, 00:01:16.130 --> 00:01:17.930 and around which 00:01:17.930 --> 00:01:20.810 are distributed around it. 00:01:20.810 --> 00:01:24.810 So that means that average normality 00:01:24.810 --> 00:01:27.150 already includes diversity. 00:01:27.150 --> 00:01:31.190 Above all, however, the statistics do not automatically tell us 00:01:31.190 --> 00:01:34.670 whether this average is good or bad. 00:01:34.670 --> 00:01:36.750 And what usually happens 00:01:36.750 --> 00:01:38.570 is not necessarily what 00:01:38.570 --> 00:01:42.050 what is desired or what is considered desirable. 00:01:42.050 --> 00:01:45.490 Normality is also not completely static. 00:01:45.730 --> 00:01:47.610 it changes, it is relative, 00:01:47.610 --> 00:01:49.610 and that means that living conditions 00:01:49.610 --> 00:01:51.490 as well as attitudes and values 00:01:51.490 --> 00:01:52. 930 are subject to change. 00:01:52.930 --> 00:01:56.010 The evaluation is therefore a second step. 00:01:56.010 --> 00:01:57.970 However, these are often confused, 00:01:57.970 --> 00:02:01.030 meaning that what usually happens 00:02:01.030 --> 00:02:03.190 is also what we are used to, 00:02:03.190 --> 00:02:06.010 and the familiar, the regular, 00:02:06.010 --> 00:02:09.250 suddenly also becomes the good. 00:02:09.250 --> 00:02:11.670 But then the following happens, 00:02:11.670 --> 00:02:14.030 then the non-normal, 00:02:14.818 --> 00:02:18.178 in a negative sense, becomes the abnormal, 00:02:18.178 --> 00:02:21.738 the unfamiliar, the unwanted stranger, 00:02:21.738 --> 00:02:22.998 to the disruptive. 00:02:22.998 --> 00:02:25.638 And then you also distance yourself or devalue. 00:02:25.638 --> 00:02:27.13 8 And for me, that means 00:02:27.138 --> 00:02:29.998 that normality requires a double perspective 00:02:29.998 --> 00:02:31.798 and a critical perspective 00:02:31.798 --> 00:02:34.098 and then you can see, for example, 00:02:34.098 --> 00:02:35.918 that residents 00:02:35.918 --> 00: 02:40.198 from residential groups with significantly more people 00:02:40.198 --> 00:02:42.658 live together in one apartment, one household, 00: 02:42.946 --> 00:02:45.986 than is the case with non-disabled people. 00:02:45.986 --> 00:02:48.566 That already tells us something 00:02:48. 566 --> 00:02:50.986 about average living conditions 00:02:50.986 --> 00:02:52.066 in a society 00:02:52.066 --> 00:02:53.826 but it still doesn't tell us 00:02:53.826 --> 00:02:56.926 whether those are good or bad living conditions, 00:02:56.926 --> 00:02:59. 606 how this is measured and who measures it. 00:02:59.606 --> 00:03:02.226 We need an understanding, 00:03:02.226 --> 00:03:04.426 an understanding of what 00:03:04.426 --> 00:03:06.446 is generally considered important 00:03:06.446 --> 00:03:09.406 or what is considered fundamental 00:03:09.406 --> 00:03:12.158 for living and a standard 00:03:12.158 --> 00:03:14.558 could be criteria for 00:03:14.558 --> 00:03:17.538 what are important human needs 00:03:17.538 --> 00:03:20.298 or what constitutes good development opportunities. 00:03:20.298 --> 00:03:22.098 But we could 00:03:22.098 --> 00:03:24.798 derive that from scientific findings. 00:03:24.798 --> 00:03:26.438 For example, 00:03:26.438 --> 00:03:28.838 that the opportunity to retreat, 00:03:28.838 --> 00:03:30.718 a certain degree of privacy, 00:03:30.718 --> 00:03:33.118 but also, above all, choices, 00:03: 33.118 --> 00:03:36.058 in terms of one's closest 00:03:36.058 --> 00:03:38.138 relationships in the home, 00:03:38.402 --> 00:03:39.962 that such things are very important 00:03:39.962 --> 00:03:41.902 for individual well-being. 00:03:41.902 --> 00:03:45.762 But just as this statistical norm 00:03:45.762 --> 00:03:47.982 already has many different forms, 00:03:47.982 --> 00:03:50.062 this ideal norm, 00:03:50.062 --> 00:03:52.582 which we have now also justified, 00:03:52.582 --> 00:03:54.862 be simply ignored, 00:03:54.862 --> 00:03:56.482 that people are diverse 00:03:56.482 --> 00:03:58.762 and live in very individual situations, 00:03:58.762 --> 00:04:01.382 but I still have to ask 00:04:01.382 --> 00:04:05.662 whether, in individual cases, these desirable conditions 00:04:05.662 --> 00:04:07.562 are actually desirable 00:04:07.746 --> 00:04:08.866 and also the right ones, 00:04:08.866 --> 00:04:10.906 so there is room for maneuver. 00:04:11.097 --> 00:04:20.461 To what extent do people with disabilities challenge our idea of normality? 00:04:20.642 --> 00:04:21.362 I believe that they do so 00:04:21.362 --> 00:04:23.122 in very different ways. 00:04:23.122 --> 00:04:25.062 They do this in a positive way, 00:04:25.062 --> 00:04:26.582 but they can also be unsettling. 00:04:26.582 --> 00:04:28.322 And I think that's the case here, 00:04:28.322 --> 00:04:31.822 where one's own image of normality is very rigid, 00:04:31.822 --> 00:04:34.642 where it simply does not allow for diversity, 00:04:34.642 --> 00:04:36.622 where it is unquestioningly 00:04:36.622 --> 00:04:40.142 to very specific ideas, 00:04:40.142 --> 00:04:41.042 namely those 00:04: 41.042 --> 00:04:43.282 what is considered a recognized way of life. 00:04:43.282 --> 00:04:47.262 And then applies this to all people, 00:04:47.874 --> 00:04:49.894 If a recognized way of life 00:04:49.894 --> 00:04:52.514 means for an individual 00:04:52.514 --> 00:04:56.174 physical performance, professional success, 00:04:56.174 --> 00:05:00.034 communication skills, health, 00:05:00.034 --> 00:05:03.494 then this could also be associated with very narrow expectations 00:05:03.494 --> 00:05:07.014 of what one believes 00:05:07.014 --> 00:05:09.534 what people should be able to do in general 00:05:09.534 --> 00:05:10.794 or how they should be. 00:05:10.794 --> 00:05:12.234 And if a person 00:05:12.234 --> 00:05:12.974 whom I meet, 00:05:12.974 --> 00:05:15.614 violates such very narrow expectations, 00:05:15.874 --> 00:05:17.054 then that can lead to 00:05:17.054 --> 00:05:18.174 me withdrawing, 00:05:18.174 --> 00:05:19.414 me distancing myself. 00:05:19.414 --> 00:05:21.414 This can go so far 00:05:21.414 --> 00:05:22.634 that I consider other people 00:05:22.634 --> 00:05:26.954 to be unreasonable or useless. 00:05:26.954 --> 00:05:30.254 And ultimately, this suppresses the fact 00:05:30.254 --> 00:05:33.034 that, in addition to independence, dependence is part of every person's lifestyle 00:05:33.034 --> 00:05:35.814 dependency is just as normal as independence. 00:05: 35.814 --> 00:05:41.014 just as speechlessness or helplessness are normal. 00:05:41.014 --> 00:05:42.774 And when I realize that, 00:05: 42.946 --> 00:05:43.806 then I also realize 00:05:43.806 --> 00:05:46.126 what connects me to the other person, 00:05:46.126 --> 00:05:49.146 without being the same as them. 00:05:49.146 --> 00:05:50.986 If I ignore that, I believe 00:05:50.986 --> 00:05:53.866 that we are jeopardizing our own identity. 00:05:53.866 --> 00:05:55.806 And if we don't ask 00:05:55.806 --> 00:05:57.246 what actually defines me 00:05:57.246 --> 00:06:01.326 if I am not capable in this one way. 00:06:01.326 --> 00:06:03.486 And that's why I believe 00:06:03.486 --> 00:06:04.826 that it's very important 00:06:04.826 --> 00:06:06.246 to first ask yourself 00:06:06.246 --> 00:06:08.186 how do I myself feel about these values, 00:06:08.186 --> 00:06:10.966 how autonomous am I actually? 00:06:11.298 --> 00:06:11.958 What can I 00:06:11.958 --> 00:06:13.518 integrate into my own image of people 00:06:13.518 --> 00:06:15.378 and lifestyle? 00:06:15.378 --> 00:06:17.198 And that's why I believe 00:06:17.198 --> 00:06:18.878 that people with 00:06:18.878 --> 00:06:20.538 Profound intellectual and multiple disabilities 00:06:20.538 --> 00:06:22.578 challenge our image of normality 00:06:22.578 --> 00:06:25.698 in an extremely positive way. 00:06:25.698 --> 00:06:27.958 Much more broadly speaking, 00:06:27.958 --> 00:06:30.858 that it is an essential part of life 00:06:30.858 --> 00:06:32.538 and is very, very important. 00:06:32.538 --> 00:06:34.158 And that's because 00:06:34.158 --> 00:06:37.358 because you can't measure a person's lifestyle 00:06:37.358 --> 00:06:40.038 based on one-sided values alone, 00:06:40.482 --> 00:06:42.722 and because this example shows 00:06:42.722 --> 00:06:44.122 that life can also be successful 00:06:44.122 --> 00:06:46.882 even if you can't go down certain paths. 00:06:46.882 --> 00:06:49.122 And you have to be able to experience that for yourself 00:06:49.122 --> 00:06:51.642 experience it for yourself 00:06:51.642 --> 00:06:53.382 and understand it realistically. 00:06:53.382 --> 00:06:55.162 But for that, these people must 00:06:55.162 --> 00:06:57.862 be present in everyday life. 00:06:57.862 --> 00:06:59.042 You have to be able to encounter them. 00:06:59.042 --> 00:07:00.862 Walter Thimm, 00:07:00.862 --> 00:07:03.042 who introduced the normalization principle 00:07:03.042 --> 00:07:04.722 introduced here in Germany, 00:07:04.722 --> 00:07:08.122 understood it above all as a call to 00:07:08.122 --> 00:07:10.282 that we should 00:07:10.282 --> 00:07:12.862 take a critical approach to normality 00:07:12.862 --> 00:07:15.742 and that we should not think in terms of norms, 00:07:15.742 --> 00:07:18.302 but about norms. 00:07:18.302 --> 00:07:20.162 And when we do that, 00:07:20.162 --> 00:07:21.562 then you are in a position to 00:07:21.562 --> 00:07:24.562 question such a binary code of “that is the deviation” 00:07:24. 562 --> 00:07:26.522 and that is the norm. 00:07:26.522 --> 00:07:28.902 And then, I believe, it can succeed in 00:07:28.902 --> 00:07:31.282 building equal relationships 00:07:31.282 --> 00:07:33.662 and communication structures 00:07:33.662 --> 00:07:35.702 as a basis for processes 00:07:35.702 --> 00:07:38.242 that promote the identity of all. 00:07:38.242 --> 00:07:47.714 “A life as normal as possible” - what does this phrase mean today for people with disabilities? 00:07:47.714 --> 00:07:49.554 That's a very old phrase 00:07:49.554 --> 00:07:51.374 and it originally comes 00:07:51.374 --> 00:07:53.954 from the Dane Nils-Erik Bank-Mikkelsen. 00:07:53.954 --> 00:07:57.234 He coined it in the 1950s 00:07:57.234 --> 00:07:59.854 and with it he actually wanted to 00:07:59.854 --> 00:08:01.134 get to the heart of the matter, 00:08:01.134 --> 00:08:02.694 an anti-dogma, 00:08:02.694 --> 00:08:04.254 as he himself called it, 00:08:04.254 --> 00:08:06.374 namely an anti-dogma to what 00:08:06.374 --> 00:08:09.234 he considered completely abnormal, 00:08:09.234 --> 00:08:11.554 when he compared his life situation 00:08:11.554 --> 00:08:13.694 of the average Danish citizen, 00:08:13.694 --> 00:08:15.974 at that time, compared to those 00:08:16.610 --> 00:08:19.110 disabled people and their families in Denmark. 00:08:19.110 --> 00:08:21.990 And this situation of disabled people 00:08:21.990 --> 00:08:24.990 and their relatives in Denmark at that time 00:08:24.990 --> 00:08:29.310 was characterized by a biological view of humanity 00:08:29,310 that did not provide any opportunities for development 00:08:32,450 for these people, 00:08:34.350 --> 00:08:37.169 of centralized institutional care 00:08:37.169 --> 00:08:39.730 and considerable prejudice, 00:08:39.730 --> 00:08:41.270 from a position of great marginalization 00:08:41. 270 --> 00:08:43.450 and, above all, a highly stressful situation 00:08:43.450 --> 00:08:45.350 for parents and relatives. 00:08:46.510 --> 00:08:50.430 However, Bank-Mikkelsen also referred to 00:08:50.430 --> 00:08:52.810 the things that he believed 00:08:52.810 --> 00:08:55.170 were generally considered important 00:08:55.170 --> 00:08:57.370 and recognized as such 00:08:57.370 --> 00:09:00.090 in terms of human development, 00:09:00.090 --> 00:09:02.750 namely that children go to school, 00:09:02.750 --> 00:09:03.970 that they are encouraged, 00:09:03.970 --> 00:09:06.850 that adults have self-chosen 00:09:06.850 --> 00:09:09.190 social relationships and partnerships, 00:09:09.190 --> 00:09:12.370 that certain goods are necessary for one's lifestyle, 00:09:12.370 --> 00:09:14.350 a certain income or a home 00:09:14.350 --> 00:09:16.050 and, very importantly, 00:09:16.194 --> 00:09:19.794 that every human being is entitled to respect and dignity. 00:09:19.794 --> 00:09:21.434 And I believe that parts 00:09:21.434 --> 00:09:24.214 of this old anti-dogma 00:09:24.214 --> 00:09:26.214 still have significance today. 00:09:26.214 --> 00:09:29.634 The principle of normalization has been further developed 00:09:29.634 --> 00:09:33.274 and there are some central elements 00:09:33.274 --> 00:09:35.014 that Walter Thimm has formulated 00:09:35.014 --> 00:09:36.054 and which I believe 00:09:36.054 --> 00:09:37.934 are still very important. 00:09:37.934 --> 00:09:41.534 Namely, the issue of living conditions and assistance 00:09:41.534 --> 00:09:44.214 that truly meet recognized standards. 00:09:45.890 --> 00:09:47.290 The question of respecting 00:09:47.290 --> 00:09:49.530 individual wishes and needs, 00:09:49.530 --> 00:09:51.770 promoting well-being, 00:09:51.770 --> 00:09:55.130 a consistent focus on development, 00:09:55.130 --> 00:09:58.290 giving people room for maneuver. 00:09:58.290 --> 00:09:59.090 And that means 00:09:59.090 --> 00:10:01.810 I also have to create living spaces 00:10:01.810 --> 00:10:04.030 in which these people 00:10:04.030 --> 00:10:05.810 with very complex impairments 00:10:05.810 --> 00:10:07.210 can also participate. 00:10:07.210 --> 00:10:08.250 And that means 00:10:08.250 --> 00:10:11.010 that the work must also be geared 00:10:11.010 --> 00:10:13.590 the environment and the barriers 00:10:13.590 --> 00:10:14.510 that arise here. 00:10: 15.266 --> 00:10:17.746 It is very important that the principle of normalization 00:10:17.746 --> 00:10:19.766 is not an end in itself 00:10:19.766 --> 00:10:21.146 nor a purpose in itself. 00:10:21.146 --> 00:10:24.806 It is a means, and that forces one to 00:10:24.806 --> 00:10:25.346 when one says, 00:10:25.346 --> 00:10:26.646 it's just a means to an end, but to what end? 00:10:26.646 --> 00:10:30.346 To an equal way of life. 00:10:30.346 --> 00:10:32.506 And that's exactly when I have to ask myself, 00:10:32.506 --> 00:10:33.606 what are important, 00:10:33.606 --> 00:10:34.906 what are good standards? 00:10:34.906 --> 00:10:38.626 And on the other hand, I immediately have to ask myself, 00:10:38.626 --> 00:10:40.866 what about the individual situation? 00:10:40.866 --> 00:10:43.726 How can you reconcile the two 00:10:43.726 --> 00:10:45.346 and do justice to the individual? 00:10:45.346 --> 00:10:47.966 And for me, the most important thing has always been 00:10:47.966 --> 00:10:50.946 that this way of thinking in this arc of tension 00:10:50.946 --> 00:10:52.546 also immediately leads to 00:10:52.546 --> 00:10:55.826 not offering black-and-white solutions, 00:10:55.826 --> 00:10:57.726 that you have to overcome them, 00:10:57.726 --> 00:10:59.446 that you can't think that way, 00:10:59.446 --> 00:11:00.686 Inclusion is only 00:11:00.686 --> 00:11:02.506 if it's the primary labor market 00:11:02.506 --> 00:11:05.306 and that alone is good per se, 00: 11:05.306 --> 00:11:07.786 but it forces us to 00:11:07.786 --> 00:11:10.266 develop diverse solutions 00:11:10.266 --> 00:11:12.806 which, however, must be individually appropriate 00:11:12.806 --> 00:11:14.526 and then also effective. 00:11:15.170 --> 00:11:16.990 And that applies to all settings, 00:11:16.990 --> 00:11:19.890 whether they are inclusive or special. 00:11:20.074 --> 00:11:29.828 Is the multi-environment principle still relevant today? 00:11:29.954 --> 00:11:32.434 Well, I still consider it highly relevant today. 00:11:32.434 --> 00:11:34.414 and I would like to give an example 00:11:34.414 --> 00:11:36.214 from my own research project, 00:11:36.214 --> 00:11:39.194 that we are currently conducting here on the situation 00:11:39.194 --> 00:11:41.854 of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities 00:11:41.854 --> 00:11:43.274 in residential facilities. 00:11:43.274 --> 00:11:44.534 And there we found 00:11:44,534 that of the more than 200 residents 00:11:46,534 we are investigating, 00:11:47.754 --> 00:11:49.354 only a very small proportion 00:11:49.354 --> 00:11:51.674 go to a workshop for disabled people. 00:11:51.674 --> 00:11:55.114 A small number leave the residential group 00:11:55.114 --> 00:11:57.094 for a day care center located outside the premises, 00:11:57.094 --> 00:11:58.554 also outside the premises, 00:11:58.850 --> 00:12:00.070 but a large portion 00:12:00.070 --> 00:12:01.670 of the residents 00:12:01.670 --> 00:12:03.490 either attends a day care center 00:12:03.490 --> 00:12:05.330 within the residential home 00:12:05.330 --> 00:12:07.610 or does not leave the residential group at all during the day 00:12:07.610 --> 00:12:09.910 . 00:12:09.910 --> 00:12: 13.010 Yes, the normalization principle 00:12:13.010 --> 00:12:14.830 has always stated that 00:12:14.830 --> 00:12:16.650 there must be a second environment 00:12:16.650 --> 00:12:18.070 and now it says, 00:12:18.070 --> 00:12:19.530 everyone has to go to work 00:12:19.530 --> 00:12:21.450 and now it's important again to 00:12:21.450 --> 00:12:22.430 to take a look 00:12:22.430 --> 00:12:25.750 what the statistical normality is 00:12:25.750 --> 00:12:27.370 and, on the other hand, to look at 00:12:27.810 --> 00:12:31.630 What is important about such a change of environment? 00:12:31.630 --> 00: 12:34.410 And statistically, most people actually do that, 00:12:34.410 --> 00:12:35.690 if we think about adults, 00:12:35.690 --> 00:12:37.550 go somewhere else during the day. 00:12:37.550 --> 00:12:40.030 Most, but not all. 00:12:40.030 --> 00:12:42.750 And many go to work, 00:12:42.750 --> 00:12:43.750 but not all of them. 00:12:43.750 --> 00:12:45.530 And if you now think again 00:12:45.530 --> 00:12:48.650 think of a possible explanation 00:12:48.650 --> 00:12:50.030 and think 00:12:50.030 --> 00:12:51.430 that the normalization principle 00: 12:51.430 --> 00:12:52.750 is closely linked to development 00:12:52.750 --> 00:12:54.770 and need theories, 00:12:54.770 --> 00:12:56.370 then the question arises, 00:12:56.930 --> 00:12:57.750 What actually happens 00:12:57.750 --> 00:13:00.130 such a change of milieu? 00:13:00.130 --> 00: 13:02.510 Now back to work, for example. 00:13:02.510 --> 00:13:03.790 Work means income. 00:13:03.790 --> 00:13:05.810 That's fundamental. 00:13:05.810 --> 00:13:07.550 If I go to a WFBM, 00:13:07.550 --> 00:13:09.730 I don't get a salary, 00:13:09.730 --> 00:13:11.550 but I do get pension benefits 00:13:11.550 --> 00:13:14.350 and at least some remuneration. 00:13:14.350 --> 00:13:18.350 In a day care center, neither of these things are the case. 00:13:18.350 --> 00:13:19.890 But work is more than that. 00:13:19.890 --> 00:13:22.170 We experience ourselves in a different role. 00:13:23.714 --> 00:13:26.134 We form relationships with other people. 00:13:26.134 --> 00:13:27.574 We are perceived differently 00:13:27.574 --> 00:13:29.194 than when we are just at home. 00:13:29.194 --> 00:13:31.974 We can gain experience and learn. 00:13:31.974 --> 00:13:33.634 That means we are 00:13:33.634 --> 00:13:35.254 in some way 00:13:35.254 --> 00:13:37.414 effective in our environment. 00:13:37.414 --> 00:13:39.394 And that in turn means 00:13:39.394 --> 00:13:41.194 that when I look behind it, 00:13:41.194 --> 00:13:43.434 that it's about very central needs 00:13:43.434 --> 00:13:45.314 for personal development, 00:13:45.314 --> 00:13:48.794 recognition, and social contacts. 00:13:48.794 --> 00:13:51.634 The day is structured, it has a rhythm, 00:13:51.634 --> 00:13:53.054 it offers a change 00:13:53.054 --> 00:13:55.554 between demands and relaxation. 00:13:55.554 --> 00:13:56.554 So, 00:13:56.554 --> 00:13:57.574 it's not about 00:13:57.574 --> 00:13:58.974 everyone having to work, 00:13:58.974 --> 00:14:00.134 it's not about 00:14:00.134 --> 00:14:02.814 that it can only be a specific place, 00:14:02.814 --> 00:14: 04.614 but rather to ask 00:14:04.614 --> 00:14:07.134 where and how do people have the opportunity 00:14:07.134 --> 00:14:09.674 the opportunity, a scope for action, 00:14:09.674 --> 00:14:12.474 to develop these needs. 00:14:12.474 --> 00:14:15.434 And then I also have to ask, 00:14:15.434 --> 00:14:18.914 if a person does not make this change, 00:14:18.914 --> 00:14:22.294 for example, cannot go to a BFBM, 00:14:22.914 --> 00:14:25.554 does he still have this scope for action, 00:14:25.554 --> 00:14:29.014 if, for example, they can only leave a residential group during the day 00:14:29.014 --> 00:14:31.214 for two or three hours, 00:14:31.214 --> 00:14:33.214 because, for example, he actually needs a lot of time 00:14:33.214 --> 00:14:35.854 to regenerate. 00: 14:35.854 --> 00:14:37.734 And that means 00:14:37.734 --> 00:14:41.334 that the implementation of this two-environment principle 00:14:41.334 --> 00:14:46.414 stands and falls with the flexibility of services, 00:14:46.414 --> 00:14:48.534 especially for this group of people, 00:14:48.534 --> 00:14:51.922 but also with a very precise analysis 00:14:51. 922 --> 00:14:54.682 of the individual situation of this person, 00:14:54.682 --> 00:14:56.342 how can this person 00:14:56.342 --> 00:14:58.282 in their current situation 00:14:58.282 --> 00:15:02.462 such scope for social contacts, 00:15:02.462 --> 00:15:04.602 recognition, personal development, 00:15:04.602 --> 00:15:07.102 new experiences 00:15:07.102 --> 00:15:08.802 and with the realization 00:15:08.802 --> 00:15:10.422 whether what happens then 00:15:10.422 --> 00:15:13.882 is actually beneficial to their well-being. 00:15:13.882 --> 00:15:23.514 What further development is necessary in institutions for people with disabilities in terms of normalization? 00:15:23.522 --> 00:15:25.622 What applies to all services 00:15:25.622 --> 00:15:27.062 for people with disabilities, 00:15:27.062 --> 00:15:29.362 namely that certain fundamental decisions must be made. 00:15:29.362 --> 00:15:31.622 And the first is the fundamental decision 00:15:31.622 --> 00:15:33.542 to live in the community, 00:15:33.542 --> 00:15:35.522 to create a sense of belonging. 00:15:35.522 --> 00:15:38.082 And the second is 00:15:38.082 --> 00:15:41.362 to see disabled people as citizens with rights, 00:15:41.362 --> 00:15:44.022 including people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. 00:15:44.022 --> 00:15:46.222 This concerns their social role, 00:15:46.222 --> 00:15:47.962 but it also strongly concerns 00:15:47.962 --> 00:15:50.022 the question of participation 00:15:50.022 --> 00:15:52.362 and making the fundamental decision 00:15:52.362 --> 00:15:55.310 to implement recognized living conditions 00:15:55.310 --> 00:15:58.130 while at the same time taking into account individual interests 00:15:58.130 --> 00:16:00.410 and needs. 00:16:00.410 --> 00:16:03.690 This means opening up scope for action 00:16:03.690 --> 00:16:07.850 for a lifestyle that is as individual and equal as possible, 00:16:07.850 --> 00:16: 10.910 that does not mean the same lifestyle. 00:16:10.910 --> 00:16:12.790 And that also means 00:16:12.790 --> 00:16:15.290 doing something for and with people 00:16:15.290 --> 00:16:18.290 while also taking action in the surrounding environment. 00:16:18.290 --> 00:16:21.190 This starts with the immediate environment, 00:16:21.190 --> 00:16:24.278 the room, the residential group, 00:16:24,278 which must be examined for barriers, 00:16:26.378 --> 00:16:29.118 for very basic things, 00:16:29.118 --> 00:16:30.938 how do I find my way around here, 00:16:30.938 --> 00:16:32.258 how can I move around here, 00:16:32.258 --> 00:16:33.558 how can I perceive, 00:16:33.558 --> 00:16:36.478 how can I experience and shape relationships. 00:16:36.478 --> 00:16:39.538 And the term social space is often 00:16:39.538 --> 00:16:42.998 equated with something like a neighborhood, 00:16:42.998 --> 00:16:45.698 without realizing 00:16:45.698 --> 00:16:47.918 that every space created by humans 00:16:47.918 --> 00:16:49:358 is a social space 00:16:49:358 --> 00:16:51:818 and that participation and appropriation 00:16:51.818 --> 00:16:55.038 begins in the immediate environment. 00:16:55.038 --> 00:16:56.938 For me, it also means 00:16:56.938 --> 00:16:58.718 that institutions must examine their services much more closely 00:16:58.718 --> 00:17:01.238 to see 00:17:01.238 --> 00:17:04.838 how appropriately flexible and effective 00:17:04.838 --> 00:17:06.858 they actually for this, 00:17:06.858 --> 00:17:08.917 namely to open up scope for action 00:17:08.917 --> 00:17:11.478 for the individual. 00:17:11.478 --> 00:17:14.698 And the institutions must not only 00:17:14.698 --> 00:17:16.978 look at a single area of life, 00:17:16.978 --> 00:17:18.458 such as housing. 00:17:18.458 --> 00:17:20.078 Housing is inconceivable 00:17:20.674 --> 00:17:22.134 without social relationships, 00:17:22.134 --> 00:17:23.954 leisure, mobility, 00:17:23.954 --> 00:17:27.753 but also the question of education or health, 00:17:27.753 --> 00:17:29.994 including therapeutic care. 00:17:29.994 --> 00:17:33.174 And these areas all represent 00:17:33.174 --> 00:17:34.594 important conditions for each other. 00:17:34.594 --> 00:17:37.414 And especially for this group of people, 00:17:37.414 --> 00:17:39.674 if life in the community is to be successful, 00:17:39.674 --> 00:17:42.014 all be considered together. 00:17:42.014 --> 00:17:46.014 At the same time, it means 00:17:46.014 --> 00:17:47.354 that the institutions 00:17:47.354 --> 00:17:49.214 must open up much more, 00:17:49.214 --> 00:17:51.710 to the social space, to the community, 00:17:51.710 --> 00:17:54.550 that they need cooperation and networking. 00:17:54.550 --> 00:17:56.630 But they also need public relations work. 00:17:56.630 --> 00:18:00.490 They must make an effective public appearance 00:18:00.490 --> 00:18:03.550 when it comes to the participation of people 00:18:03.550 --> 00:18:05.430 with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. 00:18:05.430 --> 00:18:07.970 And ultimately, I think 00:18:07.970 --> 00:18:09.030 that it means 00:18:09.030 --> 00:18:10.550 that every institution, 00:18:10.550 --> 00:18:14.170 whether it is an inclusive or a special program, 00:18:14.170 --> 00:18:16.970 should be a real choice 00:18:16.970 --> 00:18:20.270 that people and their families 00:18:20.270 --> 00:18:21.950 can also decide with a clear conscience. 00:18:22.006 --> 00:18:31.899 To what extent is an educational orientation towards ideas of normality helpful? 00:18:32.002 --> 00:18:32.322 I believe 00:18:32.322 --> 00:18:34.082 that is helpful 00:18:34.082 --> 00:18:35.722 when I think through my own image 00:18:35.722 --> 00:18:38.562 of normality and, above all, 00:18:38.562 --> 00:18:41.102 when I don't apply it to others without reflection. 00:18:41.102 --> 00:18:43.202 It is helpful 00:18:43.202 --> 00:18:45.742 when I consider the tension 00:18:45.742 --> 00:18:48.162 between individual desires on the one hand 00:18:48.162 --> 00:18:49.722 and general living conditions on the one hand, 00:18:49.722 --> 00:18:52.862 but also rights and obligations on the other. 00:18:52.862 --> 00:18:56.042 When I think about the question 00:18:56.042 --> 00:18:58.542 of what actually constitutes acceptable living conditions 00:18:58.542 --> 00:19:02.478 and ideas are developed about this, 00:19:02.478 --> 00:19:03.878 but just as with the question of 00:19:03.878 --> 00:19:04.918 what it actually means to 00:19:04.918 --> 00:19:06.618 show respect 00:19:06.618 --> 00:19:08.718 and dignity to an individual human being. 00:19:08.718 --> 00:19:10.638 So when nothing is normal 00:19:10.638 --> 00:19:14.058 and when I am still aware of it, 00:19:14.058 --> 00:19:17.878 when something is completely not normal. 00:19:17.878 --> 00:19:20.978 So if I also have a responsibility 00:19:20.978 --> 00:19:23.098 to question circumstances.